The History of Arabic Music and Its Influence on Oriental Dance in Egypt

Introduction to Arabic Music

Arabic music has a rich and complex history that dates back thousands of years. From the early civilizations of the Arabian Peninsula to the Islamic influence during the Abbasid Caliphate, this music has integrated elements from different cultures, including Persian, Indian, and Greek. In this article, we explore the evolution of Arabic music and its profound connection with oriental dance in Egypt, a central element of Arab cultural identity.

Origins and Evolution of Arabic Music

Arabic music originated in the ancient tribes of the Arabian Peninsula, and in the Islamic era (7th century), it experienced significant growth under the Umayyad Caliphate and later the Abbasid Caliphate. During this time, Baghdad became the cultural epicenter of the Arab world, where the famous maqamat — melodic scales that still define Arabic music’s structure — were developed.

External Influences

Islamic expansion and contact with other cultures enriched Arabic music’s repertoire, especially during the Muslim presence in Andalusia. This influence led to a sophisticated music that remains preserved in the Maghreb. Essential instruments like the oud (lute), qanun, and ney became central to the characteristic sound of Arabic music.

Egypt: Cultural Center of Music and Oriental Dance

Egypt has been a cultural hub in the Arab world, with music and dance present since ancient times. However, Egyptian oriental dance, or raqs sharqi, gained widespread popularity during the Ottoman period and solidified internationally in the 20th century through Egyptian cinema.

Oriental Dance and Its Connection to Music

Oriental dance is inseparable from Arabic music. The dancer follows the rhythms of the percussion (tabla) and the tones of the maqam, creating an emotional and aesthetic connection with the music. Improvisation is key, as the dancer responds in real-time to the musicians’ notes, turning the dance into a form of dialogue between music and movement.

The Golden Age of Egyptian Cinema and the Rise of Oriental Dance

In the 20th century, Egyptian cinema propelled oriental dance and Arabic music to new heights. Films featuring legendary performers and musicians like Umm Kulthum and Mohamed Abdel Wahab transformed oriental dance into a popular and respected art form. Through cinema, audiences were introduced to complex compositions and experienced the essence of Arab culture on screen.

Conclusion: The Influence of Arabic Music and Oriental Dance on Cultural Identity

Arabic music and oriental dance in Egypt are not just artistic expressions; they represent a cultural legacy. This rich tradition is alive today and continues to evolve. Both disciplines are now practiced and taught worldwide, preserving the Arab spirit and identity.